关系代词知识点总结整理与补充练习

关系代词知识点总结整理与补充练习
关系代词主要有who，whom，which和that。关系代词用来引导定语从句。
例1：He is a man who always means what he says
例2：That’s the book which Ilike
例3：He works hard，which is a fact that we all know
在第1例中，who代替 a man ;例2中which代替the book;而在例3中，which代表he works hard，that代表a fact，相当于which。
初一英语练习题
英语单词快速记忆
英语语法练习题

①关系代词使用有2个原则
A．关系代词前要有先行词（表人或事物的名词）
B．关系代词在所引导的定语从句中要作主语、宾语和表语；否则关系单词前一定要有介词
解说：
例1．He is a good student who studies hard. Who在引导的定语从句中作主语，之前有先行词 a good student。所以句子正确
例2．He is a boy whom everyone loves. whom 在引导的定语从句中作宾语，之前有先行词 a boy。所以句子正确
例3．He is a man whom I enjoy working.这个句子正确吗？whom之前有先行词，满足第一原则；但是在定语从句中已经有主语I ，而working 为不及物动词变成的动名词，之后不能接宾语。所以whom在句中既不能作主语也不能做宾语。因此要加介词。
He is a man for whom I enjoy working (他是一个我很乐意为他工作的人)
He is a man with whom I enjoy working. (他是一个我很乐意与他工作的人)，
这里可以把介词放到后面形成：He is a man whom I enjoy working with.
介词置后可以省略关系代词形成：he is a man I enjoy working with.

② which除了代替事物，还可以代替之前的句子，但要用逗号隔开。
例. He smokes three packs of cigarettes a day,which definitely does harm to his health.

③that 也可做关系代词，取代who、whom或which，但使用that有两个条件。一是之前不能有逗号，二是之前不能有介词。
例. I like the girl that(who) is sitting there.

④但有些情况只能使用that：
A. 序数词和最高级之后只能用that
例. Gambling is the last thing that I would do (赌博是我最不想做的事)
She is the best girl that I have ever saw(她是我见过最好的女孩)
B．All和Everything之后。
All（everything）that he said is true.
C. 两个性质不一样的先行词共用一个关系词时，用that。
Look at the boy and the dog that are coming this way.
D. 关系代词若在be动词之后作表语，表某人身份时，要使用that。
He is not the person that he once was. (他不在是当年的他了)

【补充练习】
用适当的关系词连接两个句子为定语从句。
1.They built the house in 1987. It stayed up in the earthquake.
____________________________________________________________________
2 The earthquake hit the city in 1906. It was the biggest in American history.
____________________________________________________________________
3 Luckily, none of the people were killed in the earthquake. I know them.
____________________________________________________________________
4 She was talking with a lady. Her son was ill.
____________________________________________________________________
5.You sent my sister a present. Thank you very much for it.
___________________________________________________________________
6 The clot hes have be en cleaned. I am wearing them.
____________________________________________________________________
7.He is sitting in a chair. It is broken.
____________________________________________________________________
8 She is a person. Everyone likes to make friends with her.
____________________________________________________________________

答案
1 The house which/ that they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
2 The earthquake which/that hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
3 Luckily none of the people whom I know were killed in the earthquake.
4 She was talking with a lady whose son was ill.
5 Thank you very much for the present which/that you sent to my sister.
6 I am wearing the clothes which/that have been cleaned.
7 He is sitting in a chair which/that is broken.
The chair which/that he is sitting in is broken.
8 She is a person with whom everyone likes to make friends

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关系代词知识点总结整理与补充练习

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